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Lesson 7 The Great Idea of Mr. Budd (I)
I.Language Points in the Text
A. 词汇（Vocabulary）
1. reward: n. something (to be) given to someone for what he or she has done 报酬；奖赏
He got a reward of $50 for helping them. 他因帮助他们而得到50 美元的报酬。
There is a special reward offered by the police, to anyone who helps them find that criminal. 警方悬重赏给任何能协助捉拿那个罪犯的人。
2. arrest:
v. seize in the name of law and usually put in prison逮捕；拘捕
The policeman arrested the thief. 警察逮捕了那个小偷。
n. the act of arresting 逮捕；拘捕
The police have made two arrests in connections with the murder. 警察逮捕了两名与凶杀案有关的人。
An arrest is expected soon. 很快就要抓人了。
3. dye: vt. give a colour to 染；给……染上颜色
She dyed the wool blue. 她把毛线染成蓝色。
4. full: adj. complete; whole 完全的；全部的；完整的；详尽的
The full truth of the matter can never be told. 这件事的全部真相永远不会为人所知了。
He’s been here for a full year. 他已在这里整整工作了一年。
Please write down your full name and address. 请写下你的全名和地址。
She’s never enjoyed a full measure of happiness. 她从未享受过真正的幸福。
She rose to her full height. 她挺直身子站了起来。
5. barber和hairdresser的区别
barber 是指为男性理发、刮胡须的理发师；hairdresser 是指为女性服务的理发师或美容师。例如：
He went to the barber’s for a haircut. 他去理发店理发。
She fixed a time to see her hairdresser. 她去理发前和理发师约好了时间。
6. probable: adj. that has a good chance of being true; likely很可能的
It’s probable that he won’t return to England because he’s been offered a good job in Scotland. 他大概是不会回英格兰了，因为他在苏格兰已找到一份好工作。
She looked around for her probable companions. 她环顾四周寻找可能的同伴。
7. memorize: vt. learn and remember on purpose 记住，背诵
He finally memorized the poem. 他最后终于记住了那首诗。
She memorized what she was going to say at the meeting. 她把要在会上说的话背了下来。
8. opportunity: n. a favourable moment or occasion (for doing something) 机会；良机
He had several good opportunities to go, but he never took them. 他有好几次好机会能去，但他从没有利用过。
May I take this opportunity to thank you all for coming? 请允许我借此机会感谢大家的光临。
Opportunity knocks only once. 机不可失，时不再来。
9. fashionable: adj. smart and wearing the latest fashion 衣着入时的；时髦的
She looked very fashionable yesterday, didn’t she? 她昨天打扮得很时髦，不是吗？
10. stream: n. anything flowing or moving on continuously 流；流动；一连串
A stream of people walked into and out of the house. 川流不息的人群从这个房子进进出出。
11. appointment: n.
1) agreement of time and place for meeting 约定
He will only see you by appointment. 只有事先约定，他才会见你。
2) a meeting at an agreed time and place 约会
I have several appointments today. 今天我有好几个约会。
She had an appointment with her doctor. 她与医生有约。
12. rival: n. a person who tries to get something one wants oneself or to do things better 对手；竞争者
He is one of my rivals in the competition. 他是我比赛中的竞争对手之一。
He is interested in her and considers me as his rival. 他对她感兴趣，把我看作情敌。
13. art: n. a skilful method of doing something, esp. something difficult 技艺；技巧；艺术
There is an art to making bread. 做面包是有学问的。
Writing well is a real art. 文章写得好是一种真正的艺术。
14. violent: adj. using, showing, accompanied by, great force 狂暴的，凶暴的；猛烈的，强烈的，激烈的
He gets very violent when he is drunk. 他一喝醉酒就很凶暴。
That night there was a violent storm. 那天晚上狂风暴雨大作。
They had a violent argument. 他们发生了激烈的争论。
She was in a violent temper and began to throw things about. 她大发脾气，开始乱扔东西。
15. match: n. person able to meet another as his equal in strength, skill, etc. 对手；竞争者
You are no match for him. 你不是他的对手。
He never met his match. 他从没遇到过对手。
16. relieve: vt. lessen or remove (pain, distress or anxiety) 解除（痛苦或忧虑）；使放心
Aspirin relieves a headache. 阿司匹林减轻头疼。
We’re relieved to hear that you have arrived safely. 听到你已经安全到达，我们就放心了。
17. stroke: n.
1) an unexpected piece (of luck) 一件（幸运的）事
What a stroke of luck! 真走运！
That was a good stroke of business. 那是一笔好买卖。
2) the act of striking, a blow 打击，一击
He drove in the nail with one stroke of the hammer. 他铁锤一敲就把钉子钉了进去。
He killed his rival with a stroke of sword. 他一剑杀死了对手。
3) sound made by a bell striking the hours （报时的）钟声
We arrived at the stroke of three. 我们在钟敲三点时到达。。
He was here on the stroke. 他准时到了。
18. noticeable: adj. that can be noticed; worth noticing 显著的；值得注意的
There was a noticeable change in the weather. 天气发生了显著的变化。
19. despair: n. loss of hope 绝望
Her face showed her complete despair. 她的脸色表明她完全绝望了。
20. rest: be placed on sth.; be supported on or against sth. 搁放在
The ladder rests against the wall. 梯子靠在墙上。
Her elbows were resting on the desk. 她的胳膊肘架在桌子上。
B. 短语、句型（Set Phrases and Sentence Patterns）
1. result in: bring about; have as a consequence 导致
His carelessness results in a serious blunder. 他的粗枝大叶导致他犯了一个严重的错误。
The enemy’s efforts resulted in complete failure. 敌人的挣扎以彻底失败而告终。
The match resulted in a win for the home team. 比赛结果，主队获胜。
2. in connection with: with reference to; associated with 关于；
与……关连
Tell me all you know in connection with that matter. 请把你所知道有关那件事的一切情况告诉我。
He has been detained in connection with the robbery. 他因与抢劫案有牵连，已被拘留。
3. search for: look for 寻找
They were searching for the missing man. 他们正在寻找那个失踪的人。
He went to Qingdao to search for health. 他去了青岛，以期疗养身子。
4. make an appointment with: make an arrangement to meet sb. 与……预约
I have made an appointment with him. 我已经跟他约好了。
5. by oneself: on one’s own 单独地；独自地
That box is too heavy for me to lift by myself. 那个箱子太重，我一个人搬不起来。
The house stood by itself on a hill. 山上就只有那一幢房子。
He went to see the film by himself. 他独自一个人去看电影。
6. be no match for: be not skilful (strong, clever, strong, etc.) enough to compete with 比不过；不是……的对手
We are no match for them in programming, and we must work harder. 在编程方面，我们比不过他们，我们必须更加刻苦学习。
7. run into:
1) meet unexpectedly 碰到；偶然遇到
If you visit the studio, you may well run into someone you recognize from the film. 如果你到制片厂去看看，你很可能碰到你在电影上见过的人。
2) collide with 撞到
He lost control of his car and ran it into a lamp post. 他没有控制住汽车，竟把车撞到一个路灯柱上。
The two trains ran into each other. 两列火车相撞。
3) fall into 陷入
He has run into the danger. 他已经陷入危险之中。
He was given to gambling, and ran into debt. 他沉溺于赌博，而且欠了债。
8. take off:
1） remove 脱掉；去掉
He took off his hat and shawl and went to the rack to hang them up. 他脱去帽子和围巾，走到挂钩前，要把它们挂起来。
Why don’t you take off your silly little moustache? 你为 什么不把你那可笑的小胡子剃掉？
2） (of a airplane) leave the ground and rise 起飞
Those airplanes took off at the same time. 那些飞机同时起飞。
9. put the responsibility on to: shift the responsibility to 把责任推卸到某人身上
Much of the responsibility for the disaster was put on to Tom, and this was quite undeserved. 把这场灾难的大部分责任推到汤姆身上，这太不公平了。
10. carry on:
1) continue 继续
They decided to carry on the rescue operations in spite of the storm. 尽管风浪大，他们决定继续进行抢救行动。
He carried on working as if nothing had happened. 他若无其事地继续干活。
2) conduct, manage 进行；经营
This is not the proper way to carry on a debate. 这决不是进行辩论的正当方法。
At the age of thirty he settled down in a country town, where, for the next ten years, he carried on the business of a bookseller. 他三十岁时在一个乡下小镇安了家，以后十年间，他开了一家书店。
11. give up:
1) abandon the attempt (to do sth.) 放弃
When they were surrounded by the enemy, they gave up. 当他们被敌人包围后，就投降了。
2) stop doing 戒掉
You should give up smoking and drinking. 你必须把烟酒戒掉。
12. allow sb. to do: permit sb. to do 允许某人做某事
They don’t allow workers to organize. 他们不让工人组织起来。
Allow me to introduce you to the head of our department. 请允许我介绍你见见我们系主任。
May I be allowed to use the typewriter? 我能用一用这架打字机吗？
13. be in despair: feeling the loss of all hope 陷入绝望之中
All of his attempts failed, and finally he was in despair. 他所有的努力都失败了，最后陷入绝望之中。
14. it is likely that: it is quite possible that 很可能
It’s likely that he will succeed. 他成功的可能性很大。
15. in spite of: despite of 尽管
I went out in spite of the rain. 尽管下雨，我还是出去了。
Though some members on the delegation were over 60, they never felt tired in spite of a busy schedule. 虽然代表团的一些成员已年逾花甲，但繁忙的日程安排并没有使他们感到疲劳。
In spite of all the difficulties, we fulfilled our task ahead of schedule. 尽管有许多困难，我们还是提前完成了任务。
16. in the interests of: for the profit of 为……的利益
Countless revolutionary martyrs have laid down their lives in the interests of the people. 无数革命先烈为了人民的利益牺牲了他们的生命。
17. it seems that: it gives the impression that 似乎；好象 It seems that no one knew what had happened. 似乎没有人知道发生了什么。
It seems that there is no objection to the proposal. 这项提议好象没有什么反对意见。
C. 难句理解（Sentence Comprehension）
1. The Evening Messenger has decided to offer the above reward to any person who gives information which results in the arrest of William Strickland, who is wanted by the police in connection with the murder of Emma Strickland in Manchester.
——William Strickland is involved in the murder of Emma Strickland in Manchester. If anyone gives useful information that helps to arrest him, he will be offered the above reward by the Evening Messenger. 威廉· 斯特里克兰因涉嫌发生在曼彻斯特的埃玛· 斯特里克兰谋杀案而受到警方的通缉，《晚间信使报》决定向任何一位提供线索能使警方逮捕威廉 斯特里克兰的人奖励以上所设的赏金。
这是一个比较复杂的句子，句中包含三个不同层次的定语从句。第一个层次的定语从句是who gives information, 它修饰any person; 第二个层次的定语从句是which results in the arrest of William Strickland, 修饰information; 第三个层次的定语从句是who is wanted … in Manchester，修饰William Strickland。
2. The result was an endless stream of young ladies who hurried there to make appointments.
——As a result, a lot of young ladies went to the hairdresser’s shop to make appointments. 结果对面的美发厅总是不断地有许许多多的年轻女士们去预约。
stream 在这里表示“人流”，形容人多，常常用于文学作品中；make appointment 表示“预约”，因为人多，理发时需要预约。
3. He had studied especially the art of hair-dyeing, and it made him quite angry to see the careless way in which his rival did this particular branch of his work.
——He had learned especially the skills of hair-dyeing, and when he saw his rival do the dyeing carelessly, he was very angry. 他专门学习过染发这门技艺，所以当他看到他的对手马马虎虎地干他特别擅长的活时， 他非常生气。
这里art 的意思是“技艺”；his rival 指的是对面美发厅的理发师；in which 引导定语从句修饰way。
4. He nearly ran into a large man who suddenly came in through the doorway.
——He almost bumped into a tall and strong man who hurried in. 他差点与一位突然闯进的大个子男人撞个满怀。
ran into 在这里是“撞上”的意思，相当于bump into，它的用法可参见短语注释7。
5. He could get a good price for dyeing.
——He could earn a good sum of money from dyeing. 染发可以好好挣上一笔钱。
a good price 是指“高的价格”。
6. …allowing Mr. Budd to put a cloth about his neck.
——…letting Mr. Budd put a cloth around his neck. 让巴德先生在他的脖子上系了块罩布。
about 在这里相当于around。
7. Meanwhile, he talked about sport and politics, and passed on naturally to the Manchester murder.
——At the same time he talked about sport and politics, and naturally changed the subject to the Manchester murder. 同时，他聊起体育和政治，接着很自然地把话题转到曼彻斯特的谋杀案上。
pass on to 意为“转入”，又如：It seemed the most natural thing in the world for her to pass on to television from the theater. 从戏剧界转到电影界对她来说似乎是最自然不过的事情了。
8. He was examining Mr. Budd’s face to find out how much he knew.
——He was observing Mr. Budd’s facial expressions hoping to find out how much he knew. 他在仔细地观察巴德先生的表情，想弄明白巴德先生究竟知道了多少。
examine 在这里是“仔细地观察”的意思；face 指的是“脸部表情”。
II.Translation of the Text
巴德先生的妙计（一）
悬赏500英镑
威廉·斯特里克兰因涉嫌发生在曼彻斯特的埃玛· 斯 特里克兰谋杀案受到警方的通缉，《晚间信使报》向任何一位提供线索能使警方逮捕威廉·斯特里克兰的人奖励以上所设的赏金。
嫌疑犯的特征
这是官方提供的对威廉· 斯特里克兰特征的描述：四十三岁；身高六英尺一英寸；头发浓密，银灰色，有可能染发；络腮胡，灰色，但可能已刮掉；浅灰色眼睛；大鼻子；大白牙，有几颗用黄金镶填过；左手大拇指指甲最近受到损伤。
巴德先生认真地看完了对嫌疑犯特征的描述。在伦敦有几百家理发店，威廉· 斯特里克兰不太可能选他的这家小理发店理发、修面、染发。谋杀案已发生三个星期了，威廉·斯特里克兰很可能已经离开英国。但即使这样，巴德先生还是尽可能地记住了嫌疑犯的特征。毕竟还是有机会的。近来巴德先生的日子不好过，任何挣钱的机会对他来说都是很有吸引力的。
女士们去发廊做头发已经成为时尚，在这样的时代里，巴德先生却仍要寻找机会挣钱，这件事看来还真有些不可思议。可是前不久对面新开了一家“女士美发厅”，结果这家美发厅总是不断地有许许多多的年轻女士们去预约。日复一日，巴德先生看着她们从他的竞争对手那里出出进进，他是多么希望她们当中有些人会到他的理发店里来啊，但她们从没来过。然而巴德先生心里却明白他的理发技术要比对手强。他专门学过染发这门技艺，看到他的对手马马虎虎地干着他特别擅长的活，他很是生气。
巴德先生放下报纸，这时他在镜中看到了自己的脸。他可不是单枪匹马就能抓获一个凶狠杀人犯的那种人。即使是拿着刮胡刀，他也不是威廉·斯特里克兰的对手，那可是残杀了自己老姑妈的家伙呢。巴德先生摇了摇头，对于自己能否对付得了威廉·斯特里克兰一点也没有把握。他向门口走去，看到对面的理发店很是红火。就在这时，他差点撞上了一位突然闯进来的高个子男子。
“对不起，先生。”巴德先生客气地说，他不想失去挣钱的机会。“修面吗，先生？”
高个子男子很快脱去了外套。
“想死吗？”他凶狠很地问。
这个问题与巴德先生想到的谋杀案如此贴近，他一时被吓呆了。
“对不起，先生，您说什么？”他好不容易开口问道。
“染发吗？”那人不耐烦地说。
“噢，”巴德先生松了一口气，“是的，先生，当然。”
真走运，染发的价格可比别的高。“好，”那人说着坐了下来，让巴德先生在他的脖子上围了一块罩布。“老实说，是我的未婚妻不喜欢我的红头发，我想，也许可以把头发染成某种不显眼的颜色。深褐色是她喜欢的颜色，你觉得怎么样？”
为了做成这笔生意，巴德先生随声附和地说深褐色挺好。再说，也许他根本就没有什么未婚妻。一个人要是执意要做什么蠢事，只要可能，他总喜欢把责任推到别人身上。
“那很好，”那人说。“开始染吧。还有，恐怕胡子也得刮掉。我的未婚妻不喜欢胡子。”
那人很舒适地靠到椅子上，这时巴德注意到他那保养得挺好的坚固牙齿，不过其中一颗是镶了金的。
“先生，我看你以前曾经染过发，”巴德先生说。“你能不能告诉我……？”
“ 嗯？”那人说。“噢，是的。我的未婚妻比我年轻许多。你能看到我的头发很早就变成了灰白色，所以我把它染了。可她并不喜欢这种颜色。我应该把它染成她喜欢的颜色，对不对？”
巴德先生从这位顾客那里了解到他以前使用过的染发剂的名称，决定要小心操作。有的染发剂与别的染发剂不太相融。他刮胡子，洗头发，然后又开始把头发吹干。与此同时，他聊起了体育、政治，随后话题很自然地转到了曼彻斯特谋杀案。
“警方好象觉得没有希望，已经放弃了。”那人说。
“没准赏金能起些作用呢，”巴德先生仍然在想着这件事，说道。
“噢，还有赏金？我可从没看到过。”
“在这份晚报上，先生。你想看看吗？”
“谢谢，是的，想看看。”
巴德先生取来《晚间信使报》。陌生人仔细地读着文章，巴德先生就从镜子里观察他，看到他把原来随意放在椅子扶手上的左手突然缩了回去。但是巴德先生已经看到了他拇指残缺的指甲。
那人猛然抬起头来，巴德先生发现他的眼睛从镜子里紧盯着自己。他在仔细地观察巴德先生的表情，想弄明白巴德先生到底知道了多少底细。
“毫无疑问，”巴德先生说，“这个人现在已经安然逃离英国。我想，他们提供的赏金太晚了。”
那人笑了起来。
“我想也是，”他说。巴德先生心下琢磨，左手拇指有伤同时又有一颗上牙镶了金的人能有多少。
III.Keys to the Exercises
Questions on the Text
1. It’s for the information that can result in the arrest of William Strickland, an escaped murderer in Manchester.
2. He was wanted by the police in connection with the murder of Emma Strickland in Manchester.
3. He was forty-three years old and six feet one inch tall with thick silver-grey hair, full grey beard, light grey eyes, large nose, strong white teeth, of which some are filled with gold, and his left thumbnail had been damaged by a relent blow.
4. Mr. Budd was a barber. As a barber, he was particularly skilled at hair-dyeing. He was interested in the reward because Mr. Budd had difficult times and he was attracted by any opportunity of making money.
5. He was thinking of the murder. The man wanted him to dye his hair and shave his beard.
6. Because he wanted to change his appearance so as to avoid being arrested. He told Mr. Budd that his young lady didn’t like his hair colour, nor his beard.
7. Mr. Budd found that the man had had his hair dyed before and noticed his strong, well-kept teeth, one of which was filled with gold.
8. He talked about sport and politics.
9. Yes, they did.
10. The man’s appearance and his reaction to the article in the evening paper made Mr. Budd suspicious about his customer.
11. One of the man’s gold-filled teeth and his damaged left thumb.
12. No, he didn’t. Mr. Budd pretended not to have recognized him and said that the murderer was safely out of the country by then. The man believed him and laughed
Vocabulary Exercises
1. piggish 像猪似的；脏的；贪婪的
womanish 女人气的
greenish 浅绿色的；带绿色的
longish 稍长的
fattish 稍肥的
tallish 略高的
warmish 有点暖和的
2. 1) (1) The accident resulted in the death of 150 people.
(2)The police detained the handful of people in connection with a bank robbery.
(3)It seems that he already knows all about our plan.
(4)In spite of so many difficulties, we tried our best and managed to finish our work in time.
(5)Shall I come over to have a talk with you about this?
(6)A look out of the bus window allowed him to catch sight of the murderer.
(7)The student was determined to work out the difficult question by himself.
(8)He said he prefers to go right now.
(9)He was likely to give up in despair.
(10)We shouldn’t put the responsibility on to others.
2) (1) She asked me what sort of people could be trusted.
(2)Could you advise me what to do next?
(3)He didn’’t tell me where I should put these books.
(4)Tom asked me where he could find Prof. White.
(5)Father taught me how to use this computer.
3. 1) for
2) from, since
3) with, at
4) with
5) for, in
6) with
7) for, for
8) into, out of, to
9) after, for, from
4.(1) reason
(2) promised
(3) owned
(4) by
(5) repaid
(6) whom
(7) there
(8) took
(9) where
(10) until
Grammar Exercises
1. 1) giving
2)to explain, to listen
3) talking, convincing
4) working
5) not to touch
6) Swimming, lying
7) putting
8) to tell
9) making
10) to have
2. 1) to have been put out
2)getting
3)to be kept
4)meeting
4) saying
5) being taken
6) to be given
7) to have climed
3. 1) Thank you for coming to the railway station to see me off.
2) I regretted having not worked hard at that time.
3) He tried to avoid getting involved in the incident.
4) We could help laughing when we saw his funny face.
5) Only by practising frequently can we learn English well.
6) We insisted on him singing us one more song.
7) Since he has already done so, it’s no use blaming him.
8) This thing is not worth risking our lives.
IV.Grammar
动名词
动名词的形式与现在分词的形式完全相同。然而，现在分 词主要起形容词或者副词的作用；而动名词则是起名词的作用。因其具有名词性质，所以它一般用作：
1． 主语
It’s no use crying over spilt milk. 牛奶打翻了，哭也没用。
2． 宾语
I want to give up smoking. 我想戒烟。
能接动名词作其宾语的动词有：admit, advise, avoid, deny, enjoy, fancy, forbid, (can’t) help, keep, mind, miss, practise, risk, suggest等。
动名词也可以用作一些短语动词的宾语：
I’m looking forward to seeing you in Beijing. 我盼着在北京见到你。
She insisted on doing the job by herself. 她坚持自己来做这项工作。
As soon as the floods went down, they set about repairing the damage. 洪水一退，他们就开始了救灾工作。
有些动词既可以接动名词也可以接动词不定式作其宾语。对于start 和begin来说，动名词和动词不定式作其宾语基本上没有什么区别。在like 和prefer 后面，动名词指的是一般情况，而动词不定式则是对一个具体情况的陈述。例如：
I like swimming in lakes and rivers. 我喜欢在湖里和河里游泳。 （指一般情况）
I’d like to swim in a pool today. 今天我想在池塘里游泳。 （针对今天具体的情况而言）
在forget, regret, remember, try这些动词的后面，动名词表示过去的动作，而动词不定式表示将来的动作：
Don’t forget to bring pen and paper for the quiz. 不要忘了测验时带笔和纸。 （将来动作）
I’ll never forget meeting him the first time. 我永远也不会忘记第一次见到他的情景。 （过去动作）
Remember to close the window. 记着把窗户关上。 （将来动作）
I remember closing the window. 我记得把窗户关上了。 （过去动作）
I regret having said that. 我后悔把那件事情说了出来。 （过去动作）
I regret to tell you that you failed the exam. 我很遗憾地告诉你，你考试没有通过。 （将来动作）
I’ll try to finish the work on time. 我尽量按时完成这项工作。 （将来动作）
Why don’t you try knocking at the back door? 你为什么不试着敲一下后门呢？ （过去动作）
3． 介词的宾语
I wiped the stream of sweat from my face to keep it from stinging my eyes. 脸上汗如雨下，为了不让汗水弄痛我的眼睛，我把它从脸上擦掉。
4． 表语
His job is teaching. 他的工作是教书。
5． 定语修饰语
You can not use a magnifying-glass, or instruments of any kind. 你不能用放大镜，也不能用其它任何一种工具。
像动词不定式一样，动名词保留有动词的特征。它可以有：
1） 完成时态
The boy was accused of having killed his father. 那男孩被指控杀死了他的父亲。
2） 被动语态
The prisoners complained of being treated badly. 犯人抱怨遭到了虐待。
He doesn’t mind being left at home. 他并不介意被留在家里。
象动词不定式一样，动名词可以带有自己的逻辑主语，例如：
Do you mind my smoking? 你介意我抽烟吗？
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