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Lesson 3 Detective on the Trail
I.Language Points in the Text
A. 词汇（Vocabulary）
1. trail: n.
1) a rough path or track through wild country 荒野中的崎岖小道；小径
Keep to the trail; if you leave it, you’ll get lost. 一直沿着这条小路走；如果你偏离的话，就会迷路。
She climbed up a lonely mountain trail. 她爬上一条人迹罕至的山路。
2）lines, marks, smells, etc. left by an animal, person, thing, etc. while moving 痕
迹；足迹；臭迹
The hunter followed the animal’s trail. 猎人跟踪动物的足迹。
There was a trail of dirt across the kitchen floor. 一条污迹从厨房的地板上横
过。
2. mean: vt. intend 打算；计划
I’ve made a mistake, though I didn’t mean to. 我犯了一个错误，但我不是有意的。
Yes, we mean to go. 是的，我们打算去。
That chair is meant for you, not her. 那把椅子是给你坐的，而不是给她的。
He means you no harm. 他无意伤害你。
3. upset: vt, vi make unhappy 使心烦意乱；使不快；使不安
The news is upsetting; I feel really upset about it. 这消息真使人不快；我为此真不高兴。
Don’t upset yourself; these problems aren’t really serious. 不要烦恼；这些问题并非那么严重。
4. haunt: vt.
1） (of a spirit) visit, appearing in a strange form (鬼魂等)出没于
That house is haunted. 那座房子闹鬼。
A headless man haunts the castle. 一个无头男鬼常出没于那座城堡。
2） be always in the thought of (someone) 萦绕心头
I was haunted by his last words to me. 他最后对我说的话总萦绕在我的心头。
A wrongdoer is constantly haunted by fear of discovery. 作恶者总是提心吊胆，怕被别人发觉。
3） visit a place regularly 常到
Sea birds haunt the shore. 海鸟经常飞到岸边来。
5. motion: vt, vi direct sb. by a gesture 以动作或手势示意
He motioned me to go out. 他示意叫我出去。
He motioned to me to take a seat. 他示意我坐下。
6. alike:
adj. being (almost) the same in appearance, quality, character, etc; like one another （相貌、性格、特点等）相象的；（几乎）同样的
The two brothers are much alike. 这两兄弟非常相象。
You two are more alike than I thought. 你们两个比我想象的还要相象。
adv. in (almost)the same way; equally 同样地；（几乎）一样地
She treats all her children alike. 她对她的几个孩子一视同仁。
7. very: adj. this (person, thing, etc.) and no other 同一的；正是那一个的；就是那个
You are the very person I wanted to meet. 你正是我要见的人。
The very idea of doing it angered him. 做这件事的想法本身已令他十分生气。
It happened at the very beginning of the meeting. 这件事发生在会议正要开始的时候。
8. point 和point out 的区别
动词point 原是作“指向”讲，如果搭配out 这个副词，便是“指出”的意思，含有“提醒”的意蕴。
例如：She pointed the gun at her husband. 她把枪指向她丈夫。
It is rude to point. 指手划脚不礼貌。
He pointed out her rudeness. 他指出了她的粗鲁。
May I point out that if we don’t leave now, we shall miss the train? 我来提醒以下吧，我们要是现在还不动身，就搭不上火车了。
9. note: vt.
1) pay attention to and remember 注意并记住
Please note that this bill must be paid within 10 days. 请注意帐单必须在十天内付清。
2) recognize; observe 注意到；看到
You may have noticed that my address has changed. 你也许注意到我的地址更改了。
3) call attention to; make known; show 指出；说明
In her speech she first noted the importance of the occasion. 在她的演说中，她首先指出这次活动的重要性。
The newspaper failed to note what happened next. 报纸没有说明接着发生了什么事。
10. await 和wait 的区别
1) 这两个动词都作“等候”讲，但前者是及物动词，而后者是不及物动词。
其次，前者多半用作喻义，而后者多半用作本义。例如：
We are eagerly awaiting the announcement of the results. 我们正迫切地等待着结果的揭晓。
We wait for the bus here every morning. 我每天早晨在这里等公共汽车。
2）在需要后接非谓语动词时，前者后接动名词短语，而后者接不定式短语。
例如：
We shall await hearing from you. 我们将恭候你的来信。
We shall wait to hear from you. 我们将恭候你的来信。
4） 用作“留待”时，前者可以搭用人称宾格代词作它的宾语，而后者则不能这样搭用。例如：
Little did she realize what a surprise awaited her at home. 她可没想到，在家里有这样一个惊喜在等着她。
11. peek: vi. peep at窥视；偷看
He peeked at his neighbor from the window. 他从窗户偷看邻居。
12. swoop: vt, vi
1) descend sharply, esp. in attack 猛然下降（尤指为了攻击）；俯冲
The plane swooped down on the town. 飞机向城市俯冲下来。
The eagle swooped down on its prey. 那只老鹰猝然飞下捕捉其猎物。
2) rush on someone to attack 向某人猛扑过来
She waited outside the door and swooped on him when he came out.
她守在门外，他一出来，就猛扑过去。
13. twist: vt. vi
1) hurt by pulling and turning sharply as in an accident 扭伤
I twisted my ankle when I fell down the stairs. 我从楼梯上摔下来时，扭伤了脚踝。
2) turn quickly and forcefully 拧；扭；（迅速用力地）转动
Twist the handle to the right and the box will open. 将手柄向右扭，箱子就会打开。
3) move with a bending turning movement 扭动
The snake twisted across the grass. 蛇蜿蜒地爬过草地。
4) (fig) change the true or intended meaning of (a statement, words, etc.) （喻）曲解；歪曲
They always twisted the facts to suit their purpose. 他们总是曲解事实来达到他们的目的。
14. clap: vi, vt
1) make a noise by striking the hands together 拍手；鼓掌
They clapped hard; they had enjoyed the singing. 他们拼命鼓掌，因为他们喜欢刚才的演唱。
We heard the sound of clapping. 我们听到鼓掌声。
2) praise by doing this 拍手赞赏
The people clapped his singing. 人们为他的演唱拍手叫好。
15. mislay: put (something) in a place and forget where; lose (something) in this way, often only for a short time 把……放在记不起的地方；搁忘；(短时间)错放；失落
I wonder where I put the letter; I’ve mislaid it somewhere. 我不知道把信放到哪去
了；我把它错放在什么地方了。
He’s always mislaying his keys; he never remembers where he has put them.他总是错放钥匙；他从不记得把钥匙放在何处。
He found the mislaid keys. 他找到了失落的钥匙。
16. yell: vi, vt
1) make a loud cry or shout, as of fear or excitement （因恐惧或激动而）叫喊；叫
嚷
Don’t yell at me like that！别那样对我大声叫嚷！
2) say or shout loudly 大声说或喊叫
He yelled orders at everyone. 他对每个人大声发号施令。
B. 短语、句型（Set Phrases and Sentence Patterns）
1. help sb. do sth.: 这是help 跟不定式复合结构的句型，句型中的不定式可带to，
也可不to。例如：
Take this medicine. It will help you get better. 把药吃掉。这样会使你的病好些的。
This helped them to adopt a correct attitude towards these problems. 这有助于他们对这些问题采取正确的态度。
但在被动结构中，to 不能没有：
The comrades must be helped to preserve the style of plain living and hard struggle.
务必使同志们保持艰苦奋斗的作风。
2. come upon: meet, esp. by chance 偶然遇见；与……不期而遇
I came upon an old friend in the park. 我在公园遇到一位老朋友。
I’ve just come upon a beautiful poem in the book. 我在这本书里偶然发现了一首优美的诗。
3. be in charge of: be responsible for 对……负责
Mr. Wang is in charge of the class. 王老师负责这个班级。
She is in charge of selling tickets. 她管卖票。
4. stand for: represent 代表
Our flag stands for our nation. 我们的国旗代表我们的国家。
Dictatorship stands for the denial of individual freedom. 独裁意味着否认个人自由。
5. see sb. do sth.: see 是感官动词，不定式作宾语补语时，不用to。例如：
I’ve never seen you look so well before. 我从没有看见你的气色这样好过。
I saw the train come into the station. 我看见火车开进站来。
这类动词还有feel, watch, notice, hear 等等，但在它们的被动结构中，作宾语补语的不定式要to。例如：
They were seen to have landed safely. 人们看到他们安全地着陆了。
He was once seen to come out of the place. 有一次有人看见他从这个地方出来。
6. find out: learn by study, calculation, inquiry 获知；探知；了解
1） 跟名词或代词
Can you find out Professor Smith’s address? 你能帮我打听一下史密斯教授的地址吗？
We must find out the truth of the matter. 我们必须了解事实的真相。
They are sure to find it out sometime. 这事他们将来准会发现。
2） 跟宾语从句或不定式短语
Later they found out that he had been quite innocent. 后来他们发现他是完全无
辜的。
How did you find out that he was going to be sent abroad? 你怎么知道要派他出
国？
I must ring him up and find out if Mr. Johnson is there. 我一定要给他打个电话，看看约翰逊先生是不是在那儿。
Can you find out for me who is elected this time? 你能帮我了解一下这次选上谁了吗？
I’ll find out where they live. 我去打听一下他们住在哪里。
They have to find out how to bring about improvement. 他们得弄清应该怎样改进。
7. make one’s way to: go towards 向……走去
Armed with lengths of strings and fish-hooks, we would make our way to the river-bank in the morning. 带着钓丝和鱼钩，我们上午总是到河边去钓鱼。
The morning before I went home I made my way once more to my friend’s house. 我回家的头天早晨，又一次向我的朋友家走去。
8. now and then: occasionally; from time to time 有时候；偶尔
We go to the movie now and then. 有时我们去看电影。
They play cards at weekends now and then. 他们周末偶尔打打牌。
9. hang around: be standing or loitering about, doing nothing definite 闲逛；徘徊
What are you hanging about here for? 你干吗在这里闲逛？
Who is that suspicious-looking person hanging about outside the bank? 在银行外面闲荡的那个形迹可疑的人是谁？
10. turn up: make one’s appearance; arrive 出现
He promised to come but hasn’t turned up yet. 他答应来，但还没有到。
The book you have lost will turn up one of these days. 你丢失的那本书这几天会找到的。
11. on the trail of: close behind 追踪某人或某事
The detective soon got on the trail of the burglar. 侦探很快就发现了窃贼的踪迹。
The policeman is on the trail of a thief. 警察正在追踪一个小偷。
12. trip sb. up: make sb. contradict himself 使某人出错，使某人露出破绽
The lawyer is always trying to trip the witness up. 那个律师总想使证人自相矛盾。
Any military man familiar with firearms could trip you up. 任何熟悉枪炮的军人都可发觉你的错误。
13. in case: lest; if it should happen that 以防；万一
Take warm clothes in case the weather gets cold. 多带些暖和衣服，以防天气变冷。
In case he arrives before I come back, please ask him to wait. 万一他在我回来之前到了，请他等我一下。
14. send sb. doing sth.: cause sb. to do sth. 使某人做某事
The arrival of the police sent the rioters flying in all directions. 警察一到，暴民四 散奔逃。
The earthquake sent the crockery and cutlery crashing to the ground. 地震将杯盘和
刀叉震落在地上。
C. 难句理解（Sentence Comprehension）
1. Bob Sugg read only certain bits of the papers he sold.
——Bob Sugg only read small parts of the newspapers that he sold. 在鲍勃 萨格卖的报纸中，他只看一小部分。
read 在这里是过去式形式，它与原形相同；only certain bits of 表示少量的；the papers 在这里指报纸；he sold 是省略了that 的定语从句。
2. And that was funny, too, because he didn’t like crime and meant to stop it whenever he could.
——And that was strange, too, because he hated crime and was determined to stop it
whenever he could. 这事说来也怪，因为他讨厌犯罪，而且只要能做得到，他决心随时制止犯罪。
funny 在本句中不是“有趣的”意思，而是表示“奇怪”的含义。再如：
There’s something funny about the affairs. 这件事有点奇怪。
It’s a funny thing. I put the book here five minutes ago and now I can’t find it. 真
是怪事，五分钟前我把书放在这儿，现在却找不着了。
3. For some reason that advertisement haunted Bob Sugg.
——For a certain reason that advertisement appeared repeatedly in Bob Sugg’s mind. 不知为什么，那则启事时时萦绕在鲍勃 萨格的心头。
For some reason 是“由于某种原因”的意思，可以翻译为“不知为什么”；haunt 的用法参见词汇部分。
4. Four days later, a headline about a burglary caught his eye. He quickly read the story.
——Four days later, a headline about a burglary attracted his attention. He read the report immediately. 四天后，一则有关盗窃案的标题新闻引起了他的注意。他很快读完了报道。
catch sb’s eye 是“引起某人注意”的意思；story 在这里不是“故事”，而是报纸上的“报道”。
5. Bob intently studied a paper.
——Bob attentively read and carefully examined a piece of newspaper. 鲍勃认真地研究起一份报纸来。
studied 在这句话中不是“学习”的意思，而是“仔细研究”。
6. Bob was breathless with excitement.
——Bob was out of breath because he was too excited. 鲍勃激动得喘不过气来。
breathless 是“喘不过气来”的意思；with 在这里表示原因，再如：
He was trembling with cold. 他冷得发抖。
The grass was wet with rain. 因为下雨，草地湿了。
7. The next moment he was gone.
——With these words he left. 他说完这句话就走了。
句中的gone 是形容词，作表语。再如：Gone are the days when we used foreign oil. 我们使用洋油的日子一去不复返了。
8. The first one ran:…
——The first one was written like this:… 第一则启示是这样说的：……
run 在这里不是“跑”的意思，而是“是这样说（写）的”的意思。例如：
The story runs that school will close early today. 据说今天要提早放学。
The agreement runs in these words. 协议上的文字就是这样写的。
9. Bob pointed a forefinger at each word in turn.
——Bob pointed a forefinger at each word one by one. 鲍勃用食指 一字一字地往
下指。
point sth. at: 把……指向……
It’s rude to point your finger at people. 用手指指人是不礼貌的 。
They pointed their guns at her head but she was not afraid. 他们把枪口对着她
的头，但她并不害怕。
in turn: one by one 依次
Each of you must speak in turn. 你们必须依次发言。
The students were summoned in turn to see the examiner. 学生们被依次召入
会见考官。
10. …the only way to get him is to watch the papers…
——…the only way to catch him is to keep an eye on the newspapers… ……抓到他的唯一办法就是留心看报纸……
get him在这里是口语化的表达方法，它的意思是catch him; watch 在本句中是“留心看”的意思, 再如：Watch what I do and how I do it. 留心看我做什么和如何做。
11. But there isn’t going to be any because the crooks have got on to it.
——Nothing funny is going to happen because the crooks have become aware of it. 不会有什么热闹看了，因为骗子已经觉察了。
get on to 是口语化的表达方法，意思是“认清，觉察”。再看下面的例子：
He has tricked many of us but people are beginning to get on to him at last. 他骗过
我们当中许多人，但是人们终于开始认清了他的面目。
II.Translation of the Text
跟踪侦探
在鲍勃·萨格所卖的几种报纸中，他只看其中少量的部分，如抢劫、谋杀以及诸如此类的东西。这事说来也怪，因为他讨厌犯罪，而且只要办得到，他都决心随时制止犯罪。在闲暇时间里，他就曾经帮助抓到过好几个罪犯。
报纸上，鲍勃最爱看的是私人启事版。现在他正在读的启事是这样写的：“在下星期天别忘了给玛丽阿姨送礼。吵架破坏了大家的心情。25日晚报道。N. E. 克罗斯。”
“这条启事有些蹊跷。”鲍勃想。他把启事又读了一遍。干吗要多花钱多写进一个“在”字？写“下星期天”不就够了？“克罗斯，克罗斯。”鲍勃确信在以前的私人启事中曾经见过这个名字，但他却记不清那些首字母了。N. E. 代表什么呢？
不知为什么，那则启事时时萦绕在鲍勃·萨格的心头。他想解开这个迷。
四天之后，一个有关盗窃案的标题引起了他的注意。他很快读完了报道。几分钟后，管理报纸档案的职员看见一个神情激动的男孩跑进了他的办公室。“先生，让我看看过期报纸，好吗？”男孩问。那人向一个宽宽的书架示意了一下，鲍勃就认真地研究起报纸来。
“看！这两则私人启事。”鲍勃激动得喘不过气来，“虽然它们刊登的日期不同，但刊登广告的却是同一个人：克罗斯。”
“等等，”那人打断他的话，“首位字母不一样，一个W. Cross, 另一个是S. W.。”
“上星期四的报纸上还有另一个克罗斯。到底是谁送登这三则启事的呢？”鲍勃问。
“这个信息我们不能告诉你。”那人说。
“那么，”鲍勃说，“不出今天，要是警长不问你这个问题，我就不叫鲍勃·萨格。”说完这话他就走了。
鲍勃急匆匆地走进哈梅林警长的办公室，把报纸上的标题给他看。
“这是有关拉蒙广场的盗窃案，”他说，“门牌号码虽然不在报纸上，但我可以告诉你：是5号。这回，盗贼叫N. E. 克罗斯。上回，他叫W. 克罗斯；再上回，他叫S. W. 克罗斯。‘Remember Aunt Mary on next Sunday. Quarrel upsetting all. Report evening 25th.’这些单词的第一个字母拼在一起就是‘Ramon Square’，哈梅林先生。”
“那首字母N. W. 就代表东北区罗？”
“说得对，”鲍勃说：“拉蒙广场东北区25 号；那是地址。星期日就是他选定作案的日子！”
“分析得很好。恭喜，恭喜！”哈梅林说。
“我在几个星期前的新闻报纸中还发现了另外两则启事。给你看看，先生！”鲍勃急切地说。
哈梅林警长开始读起来。第一则启事是这样的：“星期五。出于安全的缘故，刘易斯将于30日离开北英格兰。S. W. 克罗斯。”
第二则启事写道：“如果玛丽星期三（5日）不打电话另行通知，老地方见，早来。W. 克罗斯。”
鲍勃用手指一字一字地往下指着。
“第一则启事拼出来是弗罗斯特巷西南区30号，第二则是博物馆街西区5号。启事中出现星期几时，那就是盗窃的日子。”
“鲍勃，”哈梅林说，“你给我们提供了破案的线索。在你提到的日子里，弗罗斯特巷和博物馆街确实发生过盗窃案。这两起案件到现在还没有破。中尉，给报社打电话，弄清这些启事的确切来源！”
中尉查明克罗斯先生是通过邮局把启示和费用寄给报社的，但在本市住址簿上查不到登启事人的那个回信地址。
“那么，抓到他的唯一方法就是留心看报纸了。”警官说。
“报上还会再出现克罗斯签名的启事，那样的话，我们就可以让他上钩！”
在接下来的一个星期鲍勃看到了他想要看的启事：“苏姗。盼信达八个月之久，心情不宁，寝食不安。下周四（8日）早来。N.克罗斯。”
“塞勒姆街北区8号。”鲍勃说。
鲍勃赶到哈梅林警官的办公室时，警方已获得了这一消息。警方叫鲍勃继续去卖报，从报上了解将要发生的事。
但对于鲍勃·萨格来说，这样获得消息太没意思了。星期四天黑以后，他溜达着去了塞勒姆街，躲了起来。每隔一会儿，他就偷偷地看一下8 号。他不时地看见有人在街上走着，然后就消失在昏暗的黑影中，鲍勃肯定这些都是便衣警察，他们先躲起来，时机一到就会冲向犯罪分子，将他们一网打尽。
鲍勃等了一个小时又一个小时。现在远处的钟声已敲响了一点，就在这时，忽听一个声音问道：“你在这里赶什么？”
这个人穿着警服。
“就在塞勒姆街周围转转，来看热闹。”鲍勃回答。“但现在不会有什么热闹了，因为骗子已经觉察。哎，你怎么没和别的警察一起回家？”他接着问。
“谁说别的警察都回家了？”那人问。
“警长告诉我的。”鲍勃撒谎道。“他说克罗斯先生已经知道我们盯上他了，登最后那则启事不过是为了迷惑我们。”
“说得对。”那人点头道。“那你为什么不也回家呢？”
鲍勃认真地打量了一下那个人。“我本想待在这里，以防克罗斯先生真的还会出现。”
“算你运气，你遇到的是我而不是别人，”那人笑着说。“如果是遇到了罪犯，周围又没有警察，他很可能扭断你的脖子的。”
突然鲍勃拍了拍上衣口袋。“糟了，警长的腰包没了！我本来找到了，可现在不知道放在哪了，一定是弄丢了！”
那人赶紧往地上看。刹那间，他被狠很地踢了一脚，摔倒在地上。接着鲍勃大声喊叫，那些模糊的人影冲了出来，把那人团团围住。
“你们其他的人都穿着便衣，”鲍勃后来给警长解释道。“我想这一位为什么没穿呢？也许克罗斯先生登最后那则广告是为了试探一下，然后再过来看看是否已被发现。他以为穿得象警察就保险了，但我看他就是一个大骗子。”
III.Keys to the Exercises
Questions on the Text
1. The events in the story took place in London. Bob Sugg was a newspaper boy.
2. His favourite part of the newspaper was the page of personal advertisements. One day he found it strange for someone to pay more money to say “on next Sunday” when “next Sunday” would have been enough. And he felt sure he had come upon the name “Cross” in the personals before.
3. Four days later, a headline about a burglary caught his eye. He connected the news with the personal four days ago as he found the initials of the words in the personal spelt out Romon Square, where the burglary took place.
4. He went to the man in charge of the newspaper files, and read and studied two ads in the newspaper. He found that the two personals appeared on different dates, but it was the same advertiser, Cross.
5. He told Inspector Hamelin about his discovery. He told him that the ads were connected with the burglary.
6. The Inspector said that Bob had given them the key to the unsolved crimes.
7. The Inspector then tried to find out exactly where these advertisements came from. No, they didn’t.
8. The Inspector decided to watch the papers. Yes, it did.
9. The police decided to catch the criminal on the spot. The Inspector told Bob to return to his job and read about what was going to happen in the newspaper.
10. He made his way to Salem Crescent. He wanted to help police catch the wrongdoer.
11. The people he saw walking along the street were the policemen in plain-clothes. They were watching and waiting for the time to catch the burglar.
12. The man in police uniform was the criminal. Bob knew he must be the criminal because he knew the policemen were wearing plain-clothes that day. He pretended to have mislaid the Inspector’s money belt. When the man looked down, Bob gave him a sudden hard kick and then yelled. The police came running and surrounded the criminal.
Vocabulary Exercises
1. 1) hairy 多毛的
runny 有流动倾向的；水分过多的
filthy 肮脏的；邪恶的
windy 多风的
dusty 满是灰尘的
funny 有趣的；奇怪的
sleepy 打瞌睡的
curly 卷曲的；有卷发的
rainy 多雨的
cloudy 多云的
2)(1) disability 无能力；残废
disapprove 不赞成
dishonesty 不诚实
disorganize 扰乱；使混乱
disarm 缴械；裁军
(2) disobey 不服从，违抗
disorder 无秩序，混乱
disunity 不统一；分裂
dishearten 使……沮丧；使……气馁
dislike 不喜欢
2. 1)(1) The policy didn’t mean to infringe upon the interests of the common people.
(2) Everyone knows what roses stand for.
(3) Leave him a note in case he forgets to return the file to the secretary.
(4) The reporters wanted to trip the president up with some clever questions.
(5) I have come upon the word quite a few times.
(6) The fire sent people running out of the building.
(7) It’s already four o’clock, but no one has turned up.
(8) I really don’t like young people hanging around the streets.
(9) The president wanted to know who was in charge of the work in this department.
(10) He stood up and made his way to the door.
(11) Bill’s mother rushed to the hospital when she heard her son had met with an accident.
2)(1) You must have your hair cut.
(2) I have to get my camera repaired.
(3) I’ve heard the song sung in English.
(4) When he got back home, he found the house cleaned up.
(5) I would like the work finished as soon as possible.
3. 1) on
2) in
3) for, on
4) up, across
5) For, up, at
6) in
7) with, with
8) to
9) to
10) at
11) in
12) like, like, to
4.(1) notice
(2) realized
(3) easily
(4) turn
(5) seemed
(6) sounded
(7) imagine
(8) decided
(9) in
(10) trouble
Grammar Exercises
1. 1) to smoke
2) to have been translated
3) to have worked
4) to be
5) to have missed
6) to have kept
7) to be passing
8) to have won
9) to have
10) to find
2. 1) D 2) A 3) B 4) A
5) C 6) A 7) A 8) D
2. 1) The baby needs to be taken good care of.
2) It will be a pity to give up the opportunity.
3) It’s very dangerous for children to play on the road.
4) He promised not to come any more.
5) I didn’t mean to hurt you.
IV.Grammar
不定式（I）
不定式是带to 或不带to 的动词非限定形式。如果动词是及物动词，不定式
可以带宾语，也可以带状语。这样的短语叫作不定式短语。不定式的性质可以相当
于名词、形容词或副词，所以它在句中可以充当：
1． 主语
To err is human. 人人都会犯错误。
To die for the people is honourable. 为人民而死是光荣的。
2． 宾语
I began to discover new features in the creature. 我开始在这个生物身上发现了新的特征。
He pretended to be asleep. 他假装睡着了。
3． 表语
The greatest pleasure for a doctor is to cure the sick. 医生最大的乐趣就是医好病人的病。
His task is to be on the trail of the criminal. 他的任务就是跟踪罪犯。
4． 状语
We got up early in the morning to catch the first train. 为了赶上头班车，我们起
得很早。
They lifted a rock only to drop it on their own feet. 他们搬起石头砸了自己的脚。
5． 定语修饰语
I have an urgent thing to do this morning. 今天上午我有一件紧急的事情要做。
He is the right man to consult. 他就是我要求教的人。
6．宾语补语
I saw him walk into the building. 我看见他走进大楼的。
He helped me finish the task within the week. 他帮助我在本周内完成了任务。
由于不定式具有动词的某些特点，它有不同的时态形式，也有被动语态：
1． 不定式的被动语态
Yet the bell had to be moved and a way had to be found. 然而必须把铃解掉，必须想出个办法。
She does not want to be bothered when she is at work. 她工作时不想被人打搅。
2． 不定式的进行时态
I happened to be wearing a pair of glasses at that moment. 那个时候我碰巧戴着一副眼镜
He is supposed to be interviewing the president of the university. 他现在应该正采访大学校长。
3． 不定式的完成时态
I’m glad to have been invited to this grand party. 被邀请参加了这次盛大的晚会，我非常高兴。
The forest is reported to have been destroyed by the fire. 据报道，这个森林已被大火烧毁。
4．不定式的完成进行时态
He is said to have been living in the city for thirty years. 据说他在这座城市居住了三十年。
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